Tuberculosis (TB)
187,000 of the 1 point 6 million tuberculosis fatalities in 2021 will be HIV-positive.
An estimated 10.6 million people worldwide will be infected with tuberculosis (TB) by 2021.
6 million men, 3.4 million ladies and 1.2 million children.
Every country and every age group are susceptible to tuberculosis.But TB is treatable and preventable.
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a public health problem and threatens public health. By 2021, only one in three people who get the tuberculosis vaccine will receive treatment
.An evaluated 74 million lives were spared through TB determination and treatment between 2000 and 2021.
US$13 billion per year is required for TB prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care to meet the global targets agreed at the 2018 United Nations Tuberculosis High Level Meeting
. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Overview
Tuberculosis (TB) is an irresistible illness that basically influences the lungs and is caused by microscopic organisms
. It spreads through the air when the patient coughs, sneezes or spits.
Tuberculosis is preventable and treatable.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an irresistible malady that basically influences the lungs and is caused by microbes.
About 5-10% of people infected with tuberculosis eventually develop symptoms and develop tuberculosis disease.
People are sick but not (yet) contagious. (TB)is usually treated with antibiotics and can be fatal if left untreated.
In some countries, infants or children are given the BCG vaccine to prevent infection. (TB) vaccine is given outside the lungs, not inside the lungs.
Symptoms
Tuberculosis patients do not feel sick and are not contagious.
Only a small percentage of people infected with (TB) develop tuberculosis disease and symptoms. Newborn children and children are at higher chance.
Certain conditions put a person at risk for infection:
Diabetes (high blood sugar)
Powerless resistant framework (such as HIV or Helps)
Malnutrition
Smoking. Unlike TB
, when someone becomes infected with TB, they develop symptoms. These can last for months and make it easier for tuberculosis to spread to other people.
Tuberculosis symptoms:
Chronic cough (sometimes bleeding)
Chest pain
Fatigue
Fatigue
Weight loss
Fever
Night sweats.
People’s symptoms depend on where TB is active in the body. While TB usually affects the lungs, it can also affect the kidneys, brain, spine, and skin.
Prevention
Help prevent TB and its spread by taking the following steps:
Seek medical attention if you have symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, and unexplained weight loss, because early treatment of TB can help prevent TB from spreading and getting worse. your symptoms.
dangerous disease
Get tested for TB if you are at high risk, for example if you have HIV or have had contact with someone who has
TB at home or at work.
Complete course if treatment is available to prevent disease.
If you have pneumonia, practice good hygiene, including avoiding contact with others, wearing a mask when coughing, covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, coughing up phlegm, and using your nose.
Special precautions such as ventilators and ventilators are important to reduce the spread of disease in medical facilities and elsewhere.
Diagnosis
WHO recommends the use of rapid molecular testing as the initial diagnosis for anyone with TB symptoms. WHO recommends rapid tests, including the
Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and Truenat tests.
These tests have high diagnostic accuracy and will improve early detection of TB and anti-TB drugs.
Tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon release test (IGRA) can be used to identify infected individuals.
MDR-TB and other drug-resistant TB (see MDR-TB section below) and HIV-associated TB are difficult and expensive to diagnose.
TB is challenging to diagnose, particularly in children.
Treatment
Tuberculosis is treated with antibiotics.
Recommended for the treatment of diseases and ailments.
The most common antibiotics are:
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin.
For this drug to be effective, it must be taken daily for 4-6 months.
It is dangerous to stop this medication without your doctor’s advice or instruction. This can make the surviving TB virus resistant to drugs.
TB that does not respond to standard drugs is called drug-resistant TB and requires more intensive treatment with different drugs.
MDR-TB
TB drug resistance occurs when the wrong drug is used, given by the wrong doctor, the drug does not work well, or the patient stops treatment early.
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a type of tuberculosis caused by bacteria that do not respond to the two most effective antibiotics, isoniazid and rifampicin.
Second-line drugs are effective in the treatment and cure of MDR-TB. But the second treatment must be very expensive and poisonous.
Sometimes attacks can be created. TB caused by bacteria that do not respond to the best second-line TB drugs leaves patients with few treatment options.
Multidrug-resistant (TB) remains a public health problem and threatens public health.
By 2021, only one in three people who get the (TB) vaccine will receive treatment. According to WHO guideline
diagnosis of MDR/RR-TB requires confirmation of bacteriological findings of (TB) by detection of antibodies using rapid molecular testing or conventional.
In 2022, the new WHO guideline for 6 months of treatment – BPaLM/BPaL – is the treatment option for eligible patients. With less time, less burden and better efficiency, this new management can help reduce the burden of healthcare and free up valuable resources to expand diagnosis and treatment for all who need it. In the past, treatment for MDR-TB used to take 9 to 20 months.
WHO recommends expanding access to all oral contraceptives.
Tuberculosis and HIV
People with HIV are 16 times more likely to develop TB than people without HIV (14-18 is not fixed).
(TB) is the driving cause of passing in individuals living with HIV.
HIV and TB form a deadly combination, each leading to rapid growth. Without fitting treatment, an normal of 45% of HIV-negative TB patients and about all HIV-positive TB patients will pass on.
An estimated 187,000 people will die from HIV by 2021. The percentage of tuberculosis patients diagnosed with HIV infection rises from only 76% in 2021 to 73% in 2020.
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